Embedded Guru

Define string class with dynamic memory allocation for string. Define default constructor, parameterized constructors, copy constructor, destructor, Overload +, [], =, <<, >> operators. Observe the behavior of shallow copying and deep copying. #include<iostream> using namespace std; #include<string.h> class cstring { char *sptr; int length; public: cstring() { sptr=NULL; length=0; } cstring(const char *s) { sptr=new char[strlen(s)+1]; strcpy(sptr,s); length=strlen(s); } cstring(const cstring &s) { sptr=new char[s.length+1]; strcpy(sptr,s.sptr); length=s.length; } void print_cstring() { cout<<sptr<<endl; } void scan_cstring() { sptr=new char[10]; cin>>sptr; } ~cstring() { if(sptr!=NULL) delete []sptr; } cstring operator=(cstring c) { delete []sptr; sptr=new char[strlen(c.sptr)+1]; strcpy(sptr,c.sptr); length=c.length; retu...

Define a complex class, define default constructor, parameterized constructors, copy constructor, destructor. Overload +, -, unary -, ++ (prefix, postfix), =, comma (,), ->, << and >> operators. #include<iostream> using namespace std; #include<math.h> //defining the complex class class complex { //private members float real; float img; //publc members public: //constructors are used to initialize the objects //default constructor complex() { real=0; img=0; } //parameterized constructor complex(float a,float b) { real=a; img=b; } //copy constructor complex(const complex &c) { real=c.real; img=c.img; } //destructors is used to deallocate the data stored ~complex() { cout<<"destroyed"; } void get_complex() { cout<<"\n enter the real value"; cin>>real; cout<<"\n enter the imaginary value:"; cin>...

Define polar class where each object represents point in polar coordinates (angle and radius). Include static data member which keeps track the number of active objects of the class #include<iostream> #include<math.h> using namespace std; class polar { float real; float img; public: static int count; void get_polar() { count++; cin>>real>>img; } void print_polar() { cout<<real<<img; } polar() { count++; real=img=0; } polar(const polar &p1) { count++; img=p1.img; real=p1.real; } ~polar() { count--; cout<<"DESTRUCTOR\n"; } }; int polar::count; int main() { polar c1,c2,c3,c4; c1.get_polar(); c2.get_polar(); c3.get_polar(); c4.get_polar(); cout<<polar::count; c1.~polar(); c2.~polar(); c3.~polar(); c4.~polar(); return 0; }

Define a point class, where each object represents point in Cartesian coordinates (x, y). Define objects of this class and calculate the distance between the 2 points through a friend function #include<iostream> #include<math.h> using namespace std; class point { float x; float y; public: point() { x=0; y=0; } point(int z) { x=y=z; } point(int a,int b) { x=a; y=b; } point(const point &c) { x=c.x; y=c.y; } void get_point() { cin>>x>>y; } void print_point() { cout<<x<<y; cout<<"\n"; } friend float dist_point(point p1,point p2); }; float dist_point(point p1,point p2) { float result; result=sqrt(((p2.x-p1.x)*(p2.x-p1.x))+((p2.y-p1.y)*(p2.y-p1.y))); return result; } int main() { point c,c1,c2,c3; float distance; c.print_point(); c1.print_point(); c2.print_point(); c3.print_point(); c.get_point(); c1...

StringcCchCat Function: Operation : Concatenates one striing to another string. Syntax :   HRESULT StringCchCat( _Inout_ LPTSTR  pszDest, _In_    size_t  cchDest, _In_    LPCTSTR pszSrc ); Arguments : pszDest: Destination buffer to which pszSrc will be concatenated. cchDest: cch stands for count of characters. This argument is mainly  provided so that we will not be writing after the end of  buffer pszSrc: Null terminated string which you want to concatenate. Header File : #include <strsafe.h> Return Value: Type: HRESULT S_OK If successful We will see the other return values also Sample Code1 : #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "winerror.h" #include "windows.h" #include "strsafe.h" int _tmain(...

_countof() macro returns the number of elements present in the array. It is different from sizeof() , which returns the size of the array in bytes. Syntax : size_t _countof(array);  You should include the header file #include <stdlib.h> to use it. Example1: #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdlib.h" int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { TCHAR buffer[100]; printf("Size of buffer is %d and _countof buffer is %d\n", sizeof(buffer), _countof(buffer)); return 0; } O/P: Size of buffer is 200 and _countof buffer is 100. So from the above output you can see that ouput of sizeof and _countof is different, _countof returns the number of elements present in the array whereas sizeof returns the number of bytes occupied by the array. Don't try to pass an pointer as argument to _countof, pass only array. You will get a compile time error . For example look at the following code below. #include "stdafx.h" #include...